Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder is a psychotic disorder diagnosed after an individual uses a substance (e.g. - a drug of abuse, a medication, or a toxin exposure) that leads to prominent symptoms of psychosis.
Presence of 1
or both of the following symptoms:
There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of both (1) and (2):
Criterion A
developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medicationCriterion A
The disturbance is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. Such evidence of an independent psychotic disorder could include the following:
1
month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication; orThe disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.
The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Common substances include alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, phencyclidine (PCP), and sedative/hypnotics.
In individuals diagnosed with a substance-induced psychosis (SIP), predictors of conversion to schizophrenia include male sex, early age at first diagnosis, additional SIP diagnoses, initial hospitalization, longer hospitalizations, and most importantly, a family history of non-affective psychosis. This suggests that familial vulnerability for psychosis greatly increases the risk for later schizophrenia.[3]