Differences

Last edited on April 30, 2020

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- anxiety:home [on May 20, 2019]
+++ anxiety:home [on February 26, 2021] (current)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-~~NOTOC~~
 ====== Anxiety Disorders ======
+===== Primer =====
 <WRAP group>
 <WRAP half column>
-===== Primer =====
+**Anxiety Disorders** are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear, including generalized anxiety disorders, specific phobias, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause significant somatic symptoms as well.
-**Anxiety Disorders** are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP half column>
+<catlist anxiety: -columns:1 -noAddPageButton -sortAscending -noNSInBold>
+</WRAP>
+</WRAP>
-==== Prevalence ====
+== Epidemiology ==
-<imgcaption image1|>{{:anxiety:anxiety-disorders-over-lifetime.jpg?direct|Changes in anxiety disorder presentation across the lifespan. (Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011 Dec; 13(4): 381–399.)}}</imgcaption>
+  * The lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders is as high as 31%.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25081580/|Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., & Van Ameringen, M. (2014). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC psychiatry, 14(1), 1-83.]])]
+== Prognosis ==
+  * Anxiety disorders can cause substantial functional impairment, quality of life issues, decreased work productivity, and a significant economic impact.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4994788/|MacQueen, G. M., Frey, B. N., Ismail, Z., Jaworska, N., Steiner, M., Lieshout, R. J., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., Milev, R. V., Parikh, S. V., Ravindran, A. V., & CANMAT Depression Work Group (2016). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 6. Special Populations: Youth, Women, and the Elderly. Canadian journal of psychiatry, 61(9), 588–603.]])]
+== Comorbidity ==
+  * Anxiety disorders are most associated with developing a comorbid [[mood:1-depression:home|major depressive disorder]].
+== Risk Factors ==
+  * A family history of anxiety disorders, personal history of stressful life events
+  * Women have higher rates for most anxiety disorders compared to men.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25081580/|Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., & Van Ameringen, M. (2014). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC psychiatry, 14(1), 1-83.]])]
+===== Average Age of Onset =====
+The average age of onset varies greatly between anxiety disorders.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407545/|Lijster, J. M., Dierckx, B., Utens, E. M., Verhulst, F. C., Zieldorff, C., Dieleman, G. C., & Legerstee, J. S. (2017). The Age of Onset of Anxiety Disorders. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 62(4), 237–246.]])]
+<WRAP group>
+<WRAP half column>
+<panel type="info" title="Average Age of Onset" subtitle="Adapted from: Lijster, J. M et al. (2017). The Age of Onset of Anxiety Disorders. Canadian journal of psychiatry. 62(4), 237–246." no-body="true" footer="">
+<mobiletable 1>
+^                                          ^ Average age  ^ Range     ^
+^ Separation anxiety disorder              | 11 years     | 6 to 14   |
+^ Specific phobia                          | 11 years     | 8 to 14   |
+^ Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)  | 14 years     | 13 to 15  |
+^ Agoraphobia without panic disorder       | 21 years     | 17 to 25  |
+^ Obsessive-compulsive disorder            | 24 years     | 19 to 29  |
+^ Posttraumatic stress disorder            | 27 years     | 22 to 31  |
+^ Panic disorder                           | 30 years     | 26 to 35  |
+^ Generalized anxiety disorder             | 35 years     | 31 to 39  |
+</mobiletable>
+</panel>
 </WRAP>
 <WRAP half column>
-===== Anxiety Disorders =====
+<imgcaption image1|>
-~~DIR:anxiety&noheader~~
+{{:anxiety:anxiety-disorders-over-lifetime.jpg?direct|Changes in anxiety disorder presentation across the lifespan. (Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011 Dec; 13(4): 381–399.)}}
+</imgcaption>
 </WRAP>
 </WRAP>
+==== Older Adults ====
+  * Late onset anxiety disorders are relatively unusual. Thus, older patients with new onset anxiety symptoms should always have a thorough investigation for other etiologies including physical illness and medication side effects.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25081580/|Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., & Van Ameringen, M. (2014). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC psychiatry, 14(1), 1-83.]])]
+===== Treatment =====
+  * The treatment of most anxiety disorders can broadly be divided into pharmacological and psychological therapies.
+    * Cognitive behavioural therapy is the primary treatment modality, with some modifications for specific disorders.
+  * Regardless of whether one takes a medication, guidelines recommend that gradual exposure to fears should be done (i.e. - exposure to decreased avoidance behaviours).[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25081580/|Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., & Van Ameringen, M. (2014). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC psychiatry, 14(1), 1-83.]])]
 ===== Resources =====
-== Research ==
+== For Providers ==
+  * **[[https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201724|Craske, M., Stein, M., Eley, T. et al. Anxiety disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3, 17024 (2017).]]**
   * [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22275845|Lenze, E. J., & Wetherell, J. L. (2011). A lifespan view of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 13(4), 381.]]
-{{tag>anxiety-main}}