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child:communication:speech-sound-disorder [on April 12, 2019]
child:communication:speech-sound-disorder [on May 28, 2019]
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-{{INLINETOC}} 
 ====== Speech Sound Disorder (Phonological Disorder) ====== ====== Speech Sound Disorder (Phonological Disorder) ======
 +{{INLINETOC}}
 ===== Primer ===== ===== Primer =====
 **Speech Sound Disorder** (also known as Phonological Disorder) is a disorder where speech sound production is not consistent with what is expected based on the child'​s developmental stage and age. Additionally,​ the speech production deficits must not be due to a physical, structural, neurological,​ or hearing impairment. Children with the disorder may not have knowledge of phonological speech sounds, or be unable to coordinate movements (i.e. - articulation) for speech. **Speech Sound Disorder** (also known as Phonological Disorder) is a disorder where speech sound production is not consistent with what is expected based on the child'​s developmental stage and age. Additionally,​ the speech production deficits must not be due to a physical, structural, neurological,​ or hearing impairment. Children with the disorder may not have knowledge of phonological speech sounds, or be unable to coordinate movements (i.e. - articulation) for speech.
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 ===== Differential Diagnosis ===== ===== Differential Diagnosis =====
-  * Normal variations in speech+  ​* **Normal variations in speech**
     * Consider regional, social, or cultural/​ethnic variations of speech before giving the diagnosis     * Consider regional, social, or cultural/​ethnic variations of speech before giving the diagnosis
-  * Hearing or other sensory impairment+  ​* **Hearing or other sensory impairment**
     * Hearing impairment or deafness may result in abnormalities of speech. Only when the language deficits are in excess of what is expected, should a diagnosis of speech sound disorder may be made.     * Hearing impairment or deafness may result in abnormalities of speech. Only when the language deficits are in excess of what is expected, should a diagnosis of speech sound disorder may be made.
-  * Structural deficits+  ​* **Structural deficits**
     * Speech impairment can be caused by structural deficits such as cleft palate.     * Speech impairment can be caused by structural deficits such as cleft palate.
-  * Dysarthria+  ​* **Dysarthria**
     * Speech impairment can be due to a motor disorder such as cerebral palsy. This is dysarthria and not speech sound disorder. ​     * Speech impairment can be due to a motor disorder such as cerebral palsy. This is dysarthria and not speech sound disorder. ​
-  * [[anxiety:​selective-mutism|Selective mutism]]+  ​* **[[anxiety:​selective-mutism|Selective mutism]]**
     * Limited speech might be due to selective mutism. Selective mutism may develop concurrently in children with speech disorder due to embarrassment about their impairments. Most children with selective mutism have normal speech in comfortable environments,​ such as at home or with friends.     * Limited speech might be due to selective mutism. Selective mutism may develop concurrently in children with speech disorder due to embarrassment about their impairments. Most children with selective mutism have normal speech in comfortable environments,​ such as at home or with friends.
 ===== Treatment ===== ===== Treatment =====