- Last edited on January 2, 2024
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cl:3-mild-neurocog-disorder [on January 2, 2024] psychdb [Exercise] |
cl:3-mild-neurocog-disorder [on January 2, 2024] psychdb [Subtypes] |
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| == Risk Factors == | == Risk Factors == | ||
| - | + | * Higher age, the presence of at least one ApoE4 allele, and medicated hypertension are independent risk factors for MCI.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14739544/|Tervo, S., Kivipelto, M., Hänninen, T., Vanhanen, M., Hallikainen, M., Mannermaa, A., & Soininen, H. (2004). Incidence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based three-year follow-up study of cognitively healthy elderly subjects. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 17(3), 196-203.]])] | |
| + | * Higher education is a protective factor for MCI. | ||
| ===== DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria ===== | ===== DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria ===== | ||
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| </WRAP> | </WRAP> | ||
| <WRAP half column> | <WRAP half column> | ||
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| == Criterion B == | == Criterion B == | ||
| The cognitive deficits **//do not interfere with capacity for independence in everyday activities//** (i.e. - complex instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing medications are preserved, but greater effort, compensatory strategies, or accommodation may be required). | The cognitive deficits **//do not interfere with capacity for independence in everyday activities//** (i.e. - complex instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing medications are preserved, but greater effort, compensatory strategies, or accommodation may be required). | ||
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| ===== Subtypes ===== | ===== Subtypes ===== | ||
| The DSM-5 criteria notably do not provide additional sub-typing of MCI beyond the specifier criteria. Outside of the DSM-5, a total of ''4'' MCI subtypes have been proposed, depending on whether the presentation is amnestic/non-amnestic, and single/multiple domain:[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929315/|Rapp, S. R., Legault, C., Henderson, V. W., Brunner, R. L., Masaki, K., Jones, B., ... & Thal, L. (2010). Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in older postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 24(3), 248.]])] | The DSM-5 criteria notably do not provide additional sub-typing of MCI beyond the specifier criteria. Outside of the DSM-5, a total of ''4'' MCI subtypes have been proposed, depending on whether the presentation is amnestic/non-amnestic, and single/multiple domain:[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929315/|Rapp, S. R., Legault, C., Henderson, V. W., Brunner, R. L., Masaki, K., Jones, B., ... & Thal, L. (2010). Subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in older postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 24(3), 248.]])] | ||
| - | - **Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (a-MCI-sd)** | + | - **Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (a-MCI-sd)**\ |
| + | * **a-MCI-sd** involves primarily memory impairment with no or minimal involvement of the other cognitive domains. | ||
| - **Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (a-MCI-md)** | - **Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (a-MCI-md)** | ||
| + | * **a-MCI-md** involves memory impairment as the primary domain affected, but other cognitive domains (e.g. - executive function, attention, language, decision-making, judgment, visuospatial) are also impaired. | ||
| - **Non-Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (na-MCI-sd)** | - **Non-Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (na-MCI-sd)** | ||
| + | * **na-MCI-sd** involves impairment of a single, non-memory cognitive domain, such executive function, attention, language, or visuospatial skills. | ||
| - **Non-Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (na-MCI-md)** | - **Non-Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (na-MCI-md)** | ||
| - | + | * **na-MCI-md** involves impairment of two or more cognitive domains, neither of which involves memory impairment. | |
| - | ==== Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (a-MCI-sd) ==== | + | |
| - | **Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (a-MCI-sd)** involves primarily memory impairment with no or minimal involvement of the other cognitive domains. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (a-MCI-md) ==== | + | |
| - | **Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (a-MCI-md)** involves memory impairment as the primary domain affected, but other cognitive domains (e.g. - executive function, attention, language, decision-making, judgment, visuospatial) are also impaired. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Non-Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (na-MCI-sd) ==== | + | |
| - | **Non-Amnestic MCI, Single Domain (na-MCI-sd)** involves impairment of a single, non-memory cognitive domain, such executive function, attention, language, or visuospatial skills. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Non-Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (na-MCI-md) ==== | + | |
| - | **Non-Amnestic MCI, Multiple Domain (na-MCI-md)** involves impairment of two or more cognitive domains, neither of which involves memory impairment. | + | |
| ===== Differential Diagnosis ===== | ===== Differential Diagnosis ===== | ||