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cl:hyponatremia [on April 25, 2019]
cl:hyponatremia [on April 25, 2019]
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 **Hyponatremia** is an electrolyte disturbance of low serum sodium that can result in neuropsychiatric symptoms. In psychiatric patients, the cause of hyponatremia is most commonly secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) from psychotropics medications including [[meds:​antidepressants:​home|antidepressants]] and [[meds:​antipsychotics:​home|antipsychotics]]. ​ **Hyponatremia** is an electrolyte disturbance of low serum sodium that can result in neuropsychiatric symptoms. In psychiatric patients, the cause of hyponatremia is most commonly secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) from psychotropics medications including [[meds:​antidepressants:​home|antidepressants]] and [[meds:​antipsychotics:​home|antipsychotics]]. ​
  
-== Why does hyponatremia matter ​in psychiatry? ==+<callout type="​question"​ title="Why does Hyponatremia Matter ​in Psychiatry?" icon="​true">​
 Hyponatremia is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in both general medicine and psychiatric patients.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​18306096|Siegel,​ A. J. (2008). Hyponatremia in psychiatric patients: update on evaluation and management. Harvard review of psychiatry, 16(1), 13-24.]])] Like with other electrolyte and fluid imbalances (see also: [[cl:​hypokalemia|hypokalemia]],​ [[cl:​hypomagnesemia|hypomagnesemia]],​ [[cl:​hypocalcemia|hypocalcemia]],​ [[cl:​hypercalcemia-hyperparathyroidism|hypercalcemia]]),​[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​7220784|Webb Jr, W. L., & Gehi, M. (1981). Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: neuropsychiatric manifestations. Psychosomatics,​ 22(3), 199-203.]])] hyponatremia can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. Acute-onset hyponatremia can cause delirium and acute behavioural changes that can be mistaken for symptoms of a psychiatric disorder. Other causes of hyponatremia,​ such as SIADH, may resemble psychiatric disorders or the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs, and the diagnosis of SIADH can be delayed for psychiatric patients. Hyponatremia is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in both general medicine and psychiatric patients.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​18306096|Siegel,​ A. J. (2008). Hyponatremia in psychiatric patients: update on evaluation and management. Harvard review of psychiatry, 16(1), 13-24.]])] Like with other electrolyte and fluid imbalances (see also: [[cl:​hypokalemia|hypokalemia]],​ [[cl:​hypomagnesemia|hypomagnesemia]],​ [[cl:​hypocalcemia|hypocalcemia]],​ [[cl:​hypercalcemia-hyperparathyroidism|hypercalcemia]]),​[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​7220784|Webb Jr, W. L., & Gehi, M. (1981). Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: neuropsychiatric manifestations. Psychosomatics,​ 22(3), 199-203.]])] hyponatremia can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. Acute-onset hyponatremia can cause delirium and acute behavioural changes that can be mistaken for symptoms of a psychiatric disorder. Other causes of hyponatremia,​ such as SIADH, may resemble psychiatric disorders or the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs, and the diagnosis of SIADH can be delayed for psychiatric patients.
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 == Definition == == Definition ==