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cl:hyponatremia [on April 25, 2019]
cl:hyponatremia [on April 30, 2020]
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 ====== Hyponatremia ====== ====== Hyponatremia ======
 +{{INLINETOC}}
 ===== Primer ===== ===== Primer =====
 **Hyponatremia** is an electrolyte disturbance of low serum sodium that can result in neuropsychiatric symptoms. In psychiatric patients, the cause of hyponatremia is most commonly secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) from psychotropics medications including [[meds:​antidepressants:​home|antidepressants]] and [[meds:​antipsychotics:​home|antipsychotics]]. ​ **Hyponatremia** is an electrolyte disturbance of low serum sodium that can result in neuropsychiatric symptoms. In psychiatric patients, the cause of hyponatremia is most commonly secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) from psychotropics medications including [[meds:​antidepressants:​home|antidepressants]] and [[meds:​antipsychotics:​home|antipsychotics]]. ​
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 ===== Symptoms ===== ===== Symptoms =====
-Early signs and symptoms of hyponatremia includes nausea, vomiting, anorexia, disorientation,​ headache, fatigue, weakness, irritability,​ lethargy, confusion, and muscle cramps.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​7220784|Webb Jr, W. L., & Gehi, M. (1981). Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: neuropsychiatric manifestations. Psychosomatics,​ 22(3), 199-203.]])] Falls and confusion in the due to hyponatremia is common in the elderly.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC4110800/​|Soiza,​ R. L., & Talbot, H. S. (2011). Management of hyponatraemia in older people: old threats and new opportunities. Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 2(1), 9-17.]])] With severe hyponatremia,​ [[neurology:​approaches:seizures|seizures]] can develop.+Early signs and symptoms of hyponatremia includes nausea, vomiting, anorexia, disorientation,​ headache, fatigue, weakness, irritability,​ lethargy, confusion, and muscle cramps.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​7220784|Webb Jr, W. L., & Gehi, M. (1981). Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: neuropsychiatric manifestations. Psychosomatics,​ 22(3), 199-203.]])] Falls and confusion in the due to hyponatremia is common in the elderly.[([[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC4110800/​|Soiza,​ R. L., & Talbot, H. S. (2011). Management of hyponatraemia in older people: old threats and new opportunities. Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 2(1), 9-17.]])] With severe hyponatremia,​ [[neurology:​approach-seizures|seizures]] can develop.
  
 <​imgcaption fig1|>{{ :​cl:​hyponatremia-approach.png?​800|Approach to Hyponatremia,​ (from Papadakis M.A., McPhee S.J., Rabow M.W. Eds. Maxine A. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017 New York, NY: McGraw-Hill)}}</​imgcaption>​ <​imgcaption fig1|>{{ :​cl:​hyponatremia-approach.png?​800|Approach to Hyponatremia,​ (from Papadakis M.A., McPhee S.J., Rabow M.W. Eds. Maxine A. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017 New York, NY: McGraw-Hill)}}</​imgcaption>​