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cl:psychiatric-side-effects-of-medications [on April 17, 2019]
cl:psychiatric-side-effects-of-medications [on May 5, 2021]
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 ====== Psychiatric Side Effects of Medications and Substances ====== ====== Psychiatric Side Effects of Medications and Substances ======
 +{{INLINETOC}}
 ===== Primer ===== ===== Primer =====
-Medications and recreational substances can have profound ​psychiatric ​symptoms ​for patients.+Medications and recreational substances can sometimes induce ​psychiatric ​syndromes, including depression, anxiety, mania/​hypomania,​ sleep, and cognitive impairment. Thus, it is important to ensure that these iatrogenic effects are not mistaken ​for a "​primary"​ psychiatric disorder.
  
-== Medications with Depression ​as a Side Effect ​== +===== Offending Agents ===== 
-  * [[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC3181628/​|Tango,​ R. C. (2003). Psychiatric side effects of medications prescribed in internal medicine. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience,​ 5(2), 155.]] +  * Glucocorticoids 
-  * [[https://​jamanetwork.com/​journals/​jama/​fullarticle/​2684607|Qato,​ D. M., Ozenberger, K., & Olfson, M. (2018). Prevalence of Prescription Medications With Depression as a Potential Adverse Effect Among Adults in the United States. JAMA, 319(22), 2289-2298.]]+    * [[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​25272344|Judd,​ L. L., Schettler, P. J., Brown, E. S., Wolkowitz, O. M., Sternberg, E. M., Bender, B. G., ... & Joëls, M. (2014). Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: psychological,​ cognitive, and behavioral effects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(10), 1045-1051.]] 
 +===== Cognition ===== 
 +The diagnosis for a **Substance/​Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder** is as follows: 
 +<WRAP group> 
 +<WRAP half column>​ 
 +== Criterion A == 
 +The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder. 
 + 
 +== Criterion B == 
 +The neurocognitive impairments do not occur exclusively during the course of delirium and persist beyond the usual duration of intoxication and acute withdrawal. 
 + 
 +== Criterion C == 
 +The involved substance or medication and duration and extent of use are capable of producing the neurocognitive impairment. 
 + 
 +== Criterion D == 
 +The temporal course of the neurocognitive deficits is consistent with the timing of substance or medication use and abstinence (e.g., the deficits remain stable or improve after a period of abstinence). 
 + 
 +</​WRAP>​ 
 +<WRAP half column>​ 
 +== Criterion E == 
 +The neurocognitive disorder is not attributable to another medical condition or is not better explained by another mental disorder 
 + 
 +== Specifiers == 
 +<​accordion collapsed="​false">​ 
 +<panel icon="​fa fa-search-plus"​ size="​xs"​ title="​Substance Specifier">​ 
 +  ​* Alcohol (major neurocognitive disorder), nonamnestic-confabulatory type 
 +  * Alcohol (major neurocognitive disorder), amnestic-confabulatory type 
 +  * Alcohol (mild neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Inhalant (major neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Inhalant (mild neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic (major neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic (mild neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Other (or unknown) substance (major neurocognitive disorder) 
 +  * Other (or unknown) substance (mild neurocognitive disorder) 
 +</​panel>​ 
 +<panel icon="​fa fa-search-plus"​ size="​xs"​ title="​Other Specifier">​ 
 +**Specify if:** 
 +  * Persistent: neurocognitive impairment continues to be significant after an extended period of abstinence. 
 +</​panel>​ 
 +</​accordion>​ 
 +</​WRAP>​ 
 +</​WRAP>​ 
 + 
 +===== Depression ===== 
 +<alert type="​info"​ icon="​fa fa-book fa-lg fa-fw">​ 
 +See also: 
 +  * **[[https://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC3181628/​|Tango,​ R. C. (2003). Psychiatric side effects of medications prescribed in internal medicine. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience,​ 5(2), 155.]]** 
 +  ​* **[[https://​jamanetwork.com/​journals/​jama/​fullarticle/​2684607|Qato,​ D. M., Ozenberger, K., & Olfson, M. (2018). Prevalence of Prescription Medications With Depression as a Potential Adverse Effect Among Adults in the United States. JAMA, 319(22), 2289-2298.]]** 
 +</​alert>​ 
 + 
 +<alert icon="​fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="​success">​ 
 +See main article: **[[mood:​substance-medication|]]** 
 +</​alert>​ 
 + 
 +===== Mania/​Hypomania ===== 
 +<alert icon="​fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="​success">​ 
 +See main article: **[[bipolar:​substance-medication|]]** 
 +</​alert>​ 
 + 
 +===== Anxiety ===== 
 +<alert icon="​fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="​success">​ 
 +See main article: **[[anxiety:​substance-medication|]]** 
 +</​alert>​ 
 + 
 +===== Sleep ===== 
 +<alert icon="​fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="​success">​ 
 +See main article: **[[sleep:​substance-medication|]]** 
 +</​alert>​ 
 + 
 +===== Sexual Dysfunction ===== 
 +<alert icon="​fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="​success">​ 
 +See main article: **[[sexual-dysfunctions:​substance-medication|]]** 
 +</​alert>​