- Last edited on February 18, 2022
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cl:wilsons-disease [on February 18, 2022] psychdb [Investigations] |
cl:wilsons-disease [on February 18, 2022] psychdb [Primer] |
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== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
- | * Symptoms usually begin between the ages of 5 and 35 years. | + | * Symptoms usually begin between the ages of 5 and 35 years (average age of 17). |
== Comorbidity == | == Comorbidity == | ||
* If detected early and treated appropriately, individuals can have normal health and a normal lifespan. | * If detected early and treated appropriately, individuals can have normal health and a normal lifespan. | ||
* In untreated cases, the disease is progressive and disease can occur within 5 to 10 years (from severe brain damage, liver failure). | * In untreated cases, the disease is progressive and disease can occur within 5 to 10 years (from severe brain damage, liver failure). | ||
+ | * Severe hemolytic anemia can also be an unusual complication of Wilson’s disease.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002091/|Sharma, S., Toppo, A., Rath, B., Harbhajanka, A., & Lalita Jyotsna, P. (2010). Hemolytic anemia as a presenting feature of wilson’s disease: a case report. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 26(3), 101-102.]])] | ||
===== Symptoms ===== | ===== Symptoms ===== | ||
* Neuropsychiatric symptoms include [[neurology:approach-tremors|tremors]], muscle stiffness, [[neurology:approach-aphasia|aphasia]], personality changes, [[anxiety:home|anxiety]], and hallucinations. Psychiatric symptoms due to Wilson's disease are present in about 15% of patients. | * Neuropsychiatric symptoms include [[neurology:approach-tremors|tremors]], muscle stiffness, [[neurology:approach-aphasia|aphasia]], personality changes, [[anxiety:home|anxiety]], and hallucinations. Psychiatric symptoms due to Wilson's disease are present in about 15% of patients. | ||
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===== Physical Exam ===== | ===== Physical Exam ===== | ||
* Dysarthric speech is the most common neurological sign[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531649high|Dusek, P., Litwin, T., & Członkowska, A. (2019). Neurologic impairment in Wilson disease. Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(Suppl 2).]])] | * Dysarthric speech is the most common neurological sign[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531649high|Dusek, P., Litwin, T., & Członkowska, A. (2019). Neurologic impairment in Wilson disease. Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(Suppl 2).]])] | ||
- | * Patients will often appear jaundice | + | * Patients will often appear jaundiced |
* On gait exam, there is typically an ataxic gait | * On gait exam, there is typically an ataxic gait | ||
* A "wing-beating" [[neurology:approach-tremors|tremor]] is commonly present as well | * A "wing-beating" [[neurology:approach-tremors|tremor]] is commonly present as well |