https://www.psychdb.com/ 2026-07-18T01:17:55-0700 https://www.psychdb.com/ https://www.psychdb.com/lib/tpl/bootstrap3/images/favicon.ico text/html 2023-02-19T16:18:41-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/1-approach-neuro-emergencies?rev=1676852321&do=diff Approach to Neurologic Emergencies Primer Neurologic Emergencies must be managed efficiently and quickly, and several common presentations occur in the emergency setting. Common neurological emergencies include stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), altered level of consciousness, subarachnoid bleeding, seizures, and cauda equina syndrome. An approach to each emergency is briefly described below. text/html 2021-12-29T16:37:25-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-aphasia?rev=1640824645&do=diff Approach to Aphasia Primer Aphasia is a disturbance of language due to brain damage. This damage can affect comprehension (listening and reading) and/or expression (speaking and writing). In aphasia, the ability is name objects is always impaired to some degree. Aphasia most commonly develops after a brain injury, such as a stroke or head trauma. However, it can also develop due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as text/html 2021-12-15T12:10:46-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-apraxia?rev=1639599046&do=diff Approach to Apraxia Primer Apraxia is the inability to perform a previously learned, purposeful motor task -- despite having the desire and physical ability to do so. Apraxia can commonly affect the performance of activities of daily living such as brushing teeth and dressing. text/html 2023-06-01T17:29:40-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-dizziness-vertigo?rev=1685665780&do=diff Approach to Dizziness and Vertigo Primer Dizziness and Vertigo are common neurologic symptoms reported by patients, but the terminology can often be misused or misinterpreted by patients (or even medical professionals!). Vertigo Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, acute vestibular neuronitis, and Ménière’s disease are the most common causes of vertigo. However, cerebrovascular disease, text/html 2023-09-03T16:26:43-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-headaches?rev=1693783603&do=diff Approach to Headaches Primer See also: Hainer, B. L., & Matheson, E. (2013). Approach to acute headache in adults. American family physician, 87(10), 682-687. History * Where does it start? * How long does it last? (Minutes, hours?) * Photophobia (light sensitivity)? Phonophobia (Sound sensitivity)? * Are there auras? * Does it worsen with movement, and is there associated nausea or vomitting? text/html 2023-12-04T11:20:19-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus-nph?rev=1701717619&do=diff Approach to Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) Primer Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs in the ventricles, and with normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. As the fluid builds up, it causes the ventricles to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to increase, compressing surrounding brain tissue and leading to neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. The etiology of NPH remains poorly understand and… text/html 2022-02-15T17:00:56-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-seizures?rev=1644973256&do=diff Approach to Seizures Primer Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. The presentation can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizures) to something as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). text/html 2023-02-26T18:58:43-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-stroke?rev=1677466723&do=diff Approach to Stroke Primer A stroke (also called a cerebrovascular accident, CVA) is an acute disturbance of the cerebral perfusion or vasculature. Approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic (blockage of a vessel) and remainder are hemorrhagic. Risk Factors text/html 2021-09-26T11:47:56-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/approach-tremors?rev=1632682076&do=diff Approach to Tremors Primer Tremors are rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movements of a body part. The most common tremors are enhanced physiologic tremors, followed by essential tremor, and parkinsonian tremors. Tremors also become more common with age. text/html 2024-01-18T22:13:04-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/ct-scan?rev=1705644784&do=diff Computed Tomography (CT) Primer Computed Tomography (CT) uses a series of x-rays of the head taken from many different directions. CT scanning requires the use of a computer that performs a numerical integral calculation (the inverse Radon transform) on the measured X-ray series to estimate how much of an X-ray beam is absorbed in a small volume of the brain. text/html 2022-01-26T11:41:29-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/eeg?rev=1643226089&do=diff Electroencephalogram (EEG) Primer Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a diagnostic test that involves applying electrodes to the scalp’s surface to measure electricity generated by neural activity. EEG is most commonly used in investigation of seizures and sleep disorders. The brain functions primarily via action potentials that lead to the release of neurotransmitters into synaptic clefts. Although an EEG cannot detect the tiny amount of electricity produced by individual neurons, visible waves or … text/html 2022-01-11T20:56:37-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/fmri?rev=1641963397&do=diff Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Primer Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a neuroimaging modality that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique is based on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. text/html 2020-04-30T22:11:54-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/lumbar-puncture-lp?rev=1588309914&do=diff Lumbar Puncture (LP) Primer A lumbar puncture (LP), or spinal tap, is a procedure where a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing. neuro-investigations text/html 2022-03-17T15:19:35-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/mri?rev=1647555575&do=diff Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Primer Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a neuroimaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate anatomical images. MRI is particularly useful at looking for white matter and subcortical changes. text/html 2020-10-15T16:51:45-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/pet?rev=1602805905&do=diff Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Primer Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes in the brain. Indications * Alzheimer's Disease (AD). PET amyloid scans visualize amyloid plaques in the brain (which previously could only be visualized on autopsy) text/html 2023-06-07T17:28:08-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/polysomnography?rev=1686184088&do=diff Polysomnography (PSG) Primer Polysomnography (PSG) is a multi-parametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. See also main section: Sleep Medicine Indications * PSGs should be ordered if there is clinical suspicion for obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, periodic limb movements, narcolepsy, or REM sleep behaviour disorder. text/html 2021-11-24T22:27:08-0700 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.psychdb.com/neurology/spect?rev=1637821628&do=diff Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Primer Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) is a neuroimaging technique that uses a combination of computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) to measure regional cerebral blood flow in the brain. SPECT are typically ordered to look for areas of hypoperfusion in the brain.