- Last edited on May 5, 2021
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| **Benign Sleep Phenomena** includes sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, hypnopompic hallucinations, and hypnagogic jerks. In isolation, these are occurrences are benign and not pathological. | **Benign Sleep Phenomena** includes sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, hypnopompic hallucinations, and hypnagogic jerks. In isolation, these are occurrences are benign and not pathological. | ||
| ===== Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations ===== | ===== Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations ===== | ||
| - | Hypnagogic hallucinations are vivid perceptual experiences occurring at sleep onset, while hypnopompic hallucinations are similar experiences that occur at awakening.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894197|Ohayon, M. M., Priest, R. G., Caulet, M., & Guilleminault, C. (1996). Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 459-467.]])] These experiences own their own are //not// symptoms of a pathologic illness. However, the presence of other signs and symptoms such as cataplexy and sleep paralysis may be suggestive of [[sleep:4-narcolepsy:home|narcolepsy]]. Hypnopompic hallucinations may be a better indicator of narcolepsy than hypnagogic hallucinations. | + | Hypnagogic hallucinations are vivid perceptual experiences occurring at sleep onset, while hypnopompic hallucinations are similar experiences that occur at awakening.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894197|Ohayon, M. M., Priest, R. G., Caulet, M., & Guilleminault, C. (1996). Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 459-467.]])] These experiences own their own are //not// symptoms of a pathologic illness. However, the presence of other signs and symptoms such as cataplexy and sleep paralysis may be suggestive of [[sleep:4-narcolepsy|narcolepsy]]. Hypnopompic hallucinations may be a better indicator of narcolepsy than hypnagogic hallucinations. |
| == Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
| - | The prevalence of hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations in the general population is uncertain. However, it occurs in up to 30% of patients with [[sleep:4-narcolepsy:home|narcolepsy]].[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894197|Ohayon, M. M., Priest, R. G., Caulet, M., & Guilleminault, C. (1996). Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 459-467.]])] | + | The prevalence of hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations in the general population is uncertain. However, it occurs in up to 30% of patients with [[sleep:4-narcolepsy|narcolepsy]].[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894197|Ohayon, M. M., Priest, R. G., Caulet, M., & Guilleminault, C. (1996). Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 459-467.]])] |
| ===== Sleep Paralysis ===== | ===== Sleep Paralysis ===== | ||