- Last edited on June 7, 2023
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sleep:3-hypersomnolence-disorder [on February 19, 2023] psychdb |
sleep:3-hypersomnolence-disorder [on June 7, 2023] psychdb |
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| - | ====== Hypersomnolence Disorder ====== | + | ====== Idiopathic Hypersomnia (Hypersomnolence Disorder) ====== |
| {{INLINETOC}} | {{INLINETOC}} | ||
| ===== Primer ===== | ===== Primer ===== | ||
| - | **Hypersomnolence Disorder** (DSM-5), or **Idiopathic Hypersomnia** (ICSD-3), is a broad diagnosis and includes symptoms of excessive quantity of sleep, deteriorated quality of wakefulness, and sleep inertia. Individuals with this disorder fall asleep quickly and have a high sleep efficiency (>90%). They may have difficulty waking up in the morning, sometimes appearing confused, combative, or ataxic. This prolonged impairment of alertness during the sleep-wake transition is often referred to as sleep inertia (or sleep drunkenness). | + | **Idiopathic Hypersomnia** (ICSD-3) or **Hypersomnolence Disorder** (DSM-5), is a broad diagnosis and includes symptoms of excessive quantity of sleep, deteriorated quality of wakefulness, and sleep inertia. Individuals with this disorder fall asleep quickly and have a high sleep efficiency (>90%). They may have difficulty waking up in the morning, sometimes appearing confused, combative, or ataxic. This prolonged impairment of alertness during the sleep-wake transition is often referred to as sleep inertia (or sleep drunkenness). |
| == Prevalence == | == Prevalence == | ||
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| ==== Sign and Symptoms ==== | ==== Sign and Symptoms ==== | ||
| * Individuals often report constant sleepiness and prolonged naps. The naps are not refreshing. There can often be sleep inertia lasting 2-3 hours in the morning, and individuals may be aggressive in the mornings. | * Individuals often report constant sleepiness and prolonged naps. The naps are not refreshing. There can often be sleep inertia lasting 2-3 hours in the morning, and individuals may be aggressive in the mornings. | ||
| + | |||
| ===== Pathophysiology ===== | ===== Pathophysiology ===== | ||
| * Hypersomnolence can be increased temporarily by psychological stress and alcohol use, but they have not been documented as environmental precipitating factors. | * Hypersomnolence can be increased temporarily by psychological stress and alcohol use, but they have not been documented as environmental precipitating factors. | ||
| * Viral infections have been reported to have preceded or accompanied hyper somnolence in about 10% of cases. HIV pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, can also evolve into hypersomnolence within months after the infection. | * Viral infections have been reported to have preceded or accompanied hyper somnolence in about 10% of cases. HIV pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, can also evolve into hypersomnolence within months after the infection. | ||
| * Hypersomnolence can also appear within 6-18 months follow ing a head trauma. | * Hypersomnolence can also appear within 6-18 months follow ing a head trauma. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Differential Diagnosis ===== | ||
| + | * Normative variation in sleep | ||
| + | * Poor sleep quality and fatigue | ||
| + | * Insufficient sleep time | ||
| + | * Breathing-related sleep disorders | ||
| + | * [[sleep:breathing:1-osa|Obstructive sleep apnea]] | ||
| + | * Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders | ||
| + | * [[sleep:4-narcolepsy|Narcolepsy]] | ||
| + | * [[sleep:parasomnias:home|Parasomnias]] | ||
| + | * [[cl:kleine-levin-syndrome|Kleine-Levin syndrome]] | ||
| + | * Other mental disorders | ||
| + | * [[mood:1-depression:home|Major depressive disorder]] | ||
| ===== Investigations ===== | ===== Investigations ===== | ||
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| * There are no consistently effective treatments, but [[meds:stimulants:modafinil|modafinil]] can be used as a wakefulness promoting agent. | * There are no consistently effective treatments, but [[meds:stimulants:modafinil|modafinil]] can be used as a wakefulness promoting agent. | ||
| - | ===== Differential Diagnosis ===== | ||
| - | * Normative variation in sleep | ||
| - | * Poor sleep quality and fatigue | ||
| - | * Insufficient sleep time | ||
| - | * Breathing-related sleep disorders | ||
| - | * [[sleep:breathing:1-osa|Obstructive sleep apnea]] | ||
| - | * Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders | ||
| - | * [[sleep:4-narcolepsy|Narcolepsy]] | ||
| - | * [[sleep:parasomnias:home|Parasomnias]] | ||
| - | * [[cl:kleine-levin-syndrome|Kleine-Levin syndrome]] | ||
| - | * Other mental disorders | ||
| - | * [[mood:1-depression:home|Major depressive disorder]] | ||
| ===== Resources ===== | ===== Resources ===== | ||