Differences

Last edited on January 2, 2024

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- teaching:apathy [on September 5, 2023]
psychdb [Etiologies]
+++ teaching:apathy [on January 2, 2024]
psychdb [Treatment]
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 ===== Pathophysiology =====
   * Apathy can be common in patients with [[geri:stroke|stroke]], [[geri:parkinsons|Parkinson’s disease]], [[geri:dementia:alzheimers|Alzheimer’s dementia]], and [[cl:tbi|traumatic brain injuries]].
-  * Apathy is thought to related to the medial aspect of the frontal lobe (medial prefrontal cortex)[([[https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/90/3/302|Le Heron, C., Holroyd, C. B., Salamone, J., & Husain, M. (2019). Brain mechanisms underlying apathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 90(3), 302-312.]])]
+  * Apathy is thought to related to the medial aspect of the frontal lobe (medial prefrontal cortex).[([[https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/90/3/302|Le Heron, C., Holroyd, C. B., Salamone, J., & Husain, M. (2019). Brain mechanisms underlying apathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 90(3), 302-312.]])]
 ===== Abulia =====
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 ===== Treatment =====
   * [[meds:stimulants:2-methylphenidate:home|Methylphenidate]] has been shown to be useful in the treatment of apathy specifically in Alzheimer's disease.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34570180/|Mintzer, J., Lanctôt, K. L., Scherer, R. W., Rosenberg, P. B., Herrmann, N., Van Dyck, C. H., ... & ADMET 2 Research Group. (2021). Effect of Methylphenidate on Apathy in Patients With Alzheimer Disease: The ADMET 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA neurology.]])]
-    * Individuals who are not anxious or agitated, younger, already prescribed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, have optimal (73-80 mm Hg) diastolic blood pressure, or having more impaired function are more likely to benefit from methylphenidate compared to placebo. [([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385898/|Lanctôt, K. L., Rivet, L., Tumati, S., Perin, J., Sankhe, K., Vieira, D., ... & Herrmann, N. (2023). Heterogeneity of response to methylphenidate in apathetic patients in the ADMET 2 Trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.]])]
+    * Individuals who are not anxious or agitated, younger, already on an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, have optimal diastolic blood pressure control (73-80 mm Hg), or more impaired function are more likely to benefit from treatment. [([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385898/|Lanctôt, K. L., Rivet, L., Tumati, S., Perin, J., Sankhe, K., Vieira, D., ... & Herrmann, N. (2023). Heterogeneity of response to methylphenidate in apathetic patients in the ADMET 2 Trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.]])]
 ===== Resources =====