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teaching:behavioural-modification [on February 15, 2021] (current)
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 +====== Behavioural Modification ======
 +{{INLINETOC}}
 +===== Primer =====
 +**Behavioural Modification** is a therapeutic and treatment approach designed to change a undesirable negative behaviour. By using a system of positive or negative consequences,​ an individual learns the correct set of responses for any given stimulus.
  
 +===== Classical Conditioning =====
 +Classical Conditioning is a type of learning where a natural. involuntary response (e.g. - salivation) is elicited by a conditioned (or sometimes called //​learned//​) stimulus (e.g. - a bell) that previously was presented in conjunction with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. - food). The classic example is of Pavlov conditioning his dogs to salivate upon hearing a bell ringing. Typically, classical conditioning elicits //​involuntary//​ responses.
 +===== Operant Conditioning =====
 +**Operant conditioning** is a type of learning where a specific action is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward. Operant conditioning was first described by behavioural scientist B.F. Skinner. In contrast to classical conditioning,​ operant conditioning usually elicits voluntary responses.
 +
 +==== Summary ====
 +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Skinner Operant Conditioning"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​
 +^                     ^ Increase behavior ​      ^ Decrease behavior ​   ^
 +^ Add stimulus ​       | Positive reinforcement ​ | Positive punishment ​ |
 +^ Take away stimulus ​ | Negative reinforcement ​ | Negative punishment ​ |
 +</​panel>​
 +
 +==== Reinforcement ====
 +**Always remember:** the goal of reinforcement is to cause an increase in a behaviour (e.g. - you want a child to do more dishes).
 +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Reinforcement"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​
 +<​mobiletable 1>
 +|                         ^ Action ​                                       ^ Reinforcement ​                                                        ^
 +^ Positive Reinforcement ​ | Child does dishes ​                            | You encourage/​praise the child (positive stimulus) ​                   |
 +^ Negative Reinforcement ​ | Child does dishes to avoid nagging by mother ​ | Mother'​s nagging goes away (takes away an adverse/​negative stimulus) ​ |
 +</​mobiletable>​
 +</​panel>​
 +
 +==== Punishment ====
 +**Always remember:** the goal of punishment is to cause a decrease in a behaviour (e.g. - you want a child to stop bullying others).
 +
 +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Punishment"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​
 +<​mobiletable 1>
 +^                      ^ Action ​                      ^ Negative Punishment ​                                          ^
 +^ Positive Punishment ​ | Child bullies another child  | You reprimand the child (negative stimulus) ​                  |
 +^ Negative Punishment ​ | Child bullies another child  | You take away the child'​s toy (reinforcing stimulus removed) ​ |
 +</​mobiletable>​
 +</​panel>​
 +
 +==== Extinction ====
 +Extinction is the discontinuation of reinforcement (either positive or negative), which eventually eliminates a behaviour. This can occur in both operant or classical conditioning.
 +
 +{{tag>​non-pharm}}