- Last edited on February 15, 2021
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+ | ====== Behavioural Modification ====== | ||
+ | {{INLINETOC}} | ||
+ | ===== Primer ===== | ||
+ | **Behavioural Modification** is a therapeutic and treatment approach designed to change a undesirable negative behaviour. By using a system of positive or negative consequences, an individual learns the correct set of responses for any given stimulus. | ||
+ | ===== Classical Conditioning ===== | ||
+ | Classical Conditioning is a type of learning where a natural. involuntary response (e.g. - salivation) is elicited by a conditioned (or sometimes called //learned//) stimulus (e.g. - a bell) that previously was presented in conjunction with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. - food). The classic example is of Pavlov conditioning his dogs to salivate upon hearing a bell ringing. Typically, classical conditioning elicits //involuntary// responses. | ||
+ | ===== Operant Conditioning ===== | ||
+ | **Operant conditioning** is a type of learning where a specific action is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward. Operant conditioning was first described by behavioural scientist B.F. Skinner. In contrast to classical conditioning, operant conditioning usually elicits voluntary responses. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Summary ==== | ||
+ | <panel type="info" title="Skinner Operant Conditioning" subtitle="" no-body="true" footer=""> | ||
+ | ^ ^ Increase behavior ^ Decrease behavior ^ | ||
+ | ^ Add stimulus | Positive reinforcement | Positive punishment | | ||
+ | ^ Take away stimulus | Negative reinforcement | Negative punishment | | ||
+ | </panel> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Reinforcement ==== | ||
+ | **Always remember:** the goal of reinforcement is to cause an increase in a behaviour (e.g. - you want a child to do more dishes). | ||
+ | <panel type="info" title="Reinforcement" subtitle="" no-body="true" footer=""> | ||
+ | <mobiletable 1> | ||
+ | | ^ Action ^ Reinforcement ^ | ||
+ | ^ Positive Reinforcement | Child does dishes | You encourage/praise the child (positive stimulus) | | ||
+ | ^ Negative Reinforcement | Child does dishes to avoid nagging by mother | Mother's nagging goes away (takes away an adverse/negative stimulus) | | ||
+ | </mobiletable> | ||
+ | </panel> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Punishment ==== | ||
+ | **Always remember:** the goal of punishment is to cause a decrease in a behaviour (e.g. - you want a child to stop bullying others). | ||
+ | |||
+ | <panel type="info" title="Punishment" subtitle="" no-body="true" footer=""> | ||
+ | <mobiletable 1> | ||
+ | ^ ^ Action ^ Negative Punishment ^ | ||
+ | ^ Positive Punishment | Child bullies another child | You reprimand the child (negative stimulus) | | ||
+ | ^ Negative Punishment | Child bullies another child | You take away the child's toy (reinforcing stimulus removed) | | ||
+ | </mobiletable> | ||
+ | </panel> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Extinction ==== | ||
+ | Extinction is the discontinuation of reinforcement (either positive or negative), which eventually eliminates a behaviour. This can occur in both operant or classical conditioning. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{tag>non-pharm}} |