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teaching:behavioural-modification [on April 12, 2020]
teaching:behavioural-modification [on February 15, 2021] (current)
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 ====== Behavioural Modification ====== ====== Behavioural Modification ======
 +{{INLINETOC}}
 ===== Primer ===== ===== Primer =====
 **Behavioural Modification** is a therapeutic and treatment approach designed to change a undesirable negative behaviour. By using a system of positive or negative consequences,​ an individual learns the correct set of responses for any given stimulus. **Behavioural Modification** is a therapeutic and treatment approach designed to change a undesirable negative behaviour. By using a system of positive or negative consequences,​ an individual learns the correct set of responses for any given stimulus.
  
 +===== Classical Conditioning =====
 +Classical Conditioning is a type of learning where a natural. involuntary response (e.g. - salivation) is elicited by a conditioned (or sometimes called //​learned//​) stimulus (e.g. - a bell) that previously was presented in conjunction with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. - food). The classic example is of Pavlov conditioning his dogs to salivate upon hearing a bell ringing. Typically, classical conditioning elicits //​involuntary//​ responses.
 ===== Operant Conditioning ===== ===== Operant Conditioning =====
-===== Reinforcement ===== +**Operant conditioning** is type of learning where a specific action is elicited because it produces a punishment or reward. Operant conditioning was first described by behavioural scientist B.F. Skinner. In contrast to classical conditioning,​ operant conditioning usually elicits voluntary responses.
-Reinforcement wants to cause an increase in behaviour+
  
-Positive Reinforcement ​                      Negative Reinforcement ​                                      +==== Summary ==== 
-Child does dishes ​                           ​Child does dishes to avoid nagging by mother ​                +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Skinner Operant Conditioning"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​ 
-| You encourage the child (positive ​stimulus ​| ​Mother'​s nagging goes away (takes away a negative stimulus) ​ |+                    ​Increase behavior ​      ^ Decrease behavior ​   ​
 +^ Add stimulus ​       ​Positive reinforcement  ​Positive punishment  ​
 +^ Take away stimulus ​ | Negative reinforcement ​ ​| ​Negative punishment ​ | 
 +</​panel>​
  
-===== Punishment ===== +==== Reinforcement ​==== 
-Reinforcement wants to cause a decrease ​in a behaviour+**Always remember:** the goal of reinforcement is to cause an increase ​in a behaviour ​(e.g. - you want a child to do more dishes). 
 +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Reinforcement"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​ 
 +<​mobiletable 1> 
 +|                         ^ Action ​                                       ^ Reinforcement ​                                                        ^ 
 +^ Positive Reinforcement ​ | Child does dishes ​                            | You encourage/​praise the child (positive stimulus) ​                   | 
 +^ Negative Reinforcement ​ | Child does dishes to avoid nagging by mother ​ | Mother'​s nagging goes away (takes away an adverse/​negative stimulus) ​ | 
 +</​mobiletable>​ 
 +</​panel>​
  
-^ Positive ​Punishment ​                         ^ Negative Punishment ​                                        ​+==== Punishment ​==== 
-| Child bullies another child                  | Child bullies another child                                 | +**Always remember:** the goal of punishment is to cause a decrease in a behaviour (e.g. - you want a child to stop bullying others). 
-| You reprimand the child (negative stimulus) ​ | You take away child'​s toy (reinforcing stimulus removed) ​ |+ 
 +<panel type="​info"​ title="​Punishment"​ subtitle=""​ no-body="​true"​ footer="">​ 
 +<​mobiletable 1> 
 +^                      ^ Action ​                      ^ Negative Punishment ​                                          ​
 +^ Positive Punishment  ​| Child bullies another child  | You reprimand the child (negative stimulus) ​                  | 
 +^ Negative Punishment ​ | Child bullies another child  | You take away the child'​s toy (reinforcing stimulus removed) ​ | 
 +</​mobiletable>​ 
 +</​panel>​ 
 + 
 +==== Extinction ==== 
 +Extinction is the discontinuation of reinforcement (either positive or negative), which eventually eliminates a behaviour. This can occur in both operant or classical conditioning.
  
 {{tag>​non-pharm}} {{tag>​non-pharm}}