- Last edited on October 21, 2022
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teaching:delusions-hallucinations [on October 4, 2022] psychdb [Geriatric] |
teaching:delusions-hallucinations [on October 21, 2022] psychdb [Auditory Hallucinations] |
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| * Command auditory hallucinations are frequently considered a concerning feature of psychosis that requires inpatient hospitalization. However, in regards to [[teaching:suicide-risk-assessment-sra|suicide risk]], the presence of command hallucinations is not an independent predictor of suicide attempts.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12927000|Harkavy-Friedman, J. M., Kimhy, D., Nelson, E. A., Venarde, D. F., Malaspina, D., & Mann, J. J. (2003). Suicide attempts in schizophrenia: the role of command auditory hallucinations for suicide. J Clin Psychiatry, 64(8), 871-874.]])] Only individuals who were previously predisposed to suicide attempts have a higher risk of completed suicide.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1845151/|Pompili, M., Amador, X. F., Girardi, P., Harkavy-Friedman, J., Harrow, M., Kaplan, K., ... & Montross, L. P. (2007). Suicide risk in schizophrenia: learning from the past to change the future. Annals of general psychiatry, 6(1), 10.]])] | * Command auditory hallucinations are frequently considered a concerning feature of psychosis that requires inpatient hospitalization. However, in regards to [[teaching:suicide-risk-assessment-sra|suicide risk]], the presence of command hallucinations is not an independent predictor of suicide attempts.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12927000|Harkavy-Friedman, J. M., Kimhy, D., Nelson, E. A., Venarde, D. F., Malaspina, D., & Mann, J. J. (2003). Suicide attempts in schizophrenia: the role of command auditory hallucinations for suicide. J Clin Psychiatry, 64(8), 871-874.]])] Only individuals who were previously predisposed to suicide attempts have a higher risk of completed suicide.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1845151/|Pompili, M., Amador, X. F., Girardi, P., Harkavy-Friedman, J., Harrow, M., Kaplan, K., ... & Montross, L. P. (2007). Suicide risk in schizophrenia: learning from the past to change the future. Annals of general psychiatry, 6(1), 10.]])] | ||
| * Monosymptomatic auditory hallucinations, especially with recent substance use, can sometimes resolve without antipsychotic treatment.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20537613|Pierre, J. M. (2010). Nonantipsychotic therapy for monosymptomatic auditory hallucinations. Biological psychiatry, 68(7), e33-e34.]])] | * Monosymptomatic auditory hallucinations, especially with recent substance use, can sometimes resolve without antipsychotic treatment.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20537613|Pierre, J. M. (2010). Nonantipsychotic therapy for monosymptomatic auditory hallucinations. Biological psychiatry, 68(7), e33-e34.]])] | ||
| - | * Individuals with hearing loss or impairment may experience non-specific auditory hallucinations that are non-psychiatric in etiology. Individuals may report hearing sounds including sounds of familiar or unfamiliar voices, music, bells, animals, machines. Individuals typically will also report a history of tinnitus. | + | * Individuals with hearing loss or impairment may experience non-specific auditory hallucinations that are non-psychiatric in etiology. |
| + | * Individuals may report hearing sounds including sounds of familiar or unfamiliar voices, music, bells, animals, machines. | ||
| * The use of hearing aids or reducing the hearing impairment may reduce the auditory hallucinations in these cases.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29554989/|Linszen, M. M. J., Van Zanten, G. A., Teunisse, R. J., Brouwer, R. M., Scheltens, P., & Sommer, I. E. (2019). Auditory hallucinations in adults with hearing impairment: a large prevalence study. Psychological Medicine, 49(1), 132-139.]])] | * The use of hearing aids or reducing the hearing impairment may reduce the auditory hallucinations in these cases.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29554989/|Linszen, M. M. J., Van Zanten, G. A., Teunisse, R. J., Brouwer, R. M., Scheltens, P., & Sommer, I. E. (2019). Auditory hallucinations in adults with hearing impairment: a large prevalence study. Psychological Medicine, 49(1), 132-139.]])] | ||
| + | * Individuals with hearing loss may also report a history of tinnitus; when inquiring about tinnitus, red flags that may warrant an otolaryngology (ENT) referral include: | ||
| + | * Pulsatile tinnitus locked in time with the heartbeat | ||
| + | * Unilateral tinnitus or unilateral hearing loss | ||
| + | * Severe, disabling tinnitus | ||
| ==== Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations ==== | ==== Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations ==== | ||
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