Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (also known as Mild Cognitive Impairment, or MCI) is a condition in which individuals demonstrate cognitive impairment with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Although it can be the first cognitive sign of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), it can also be secondary to other disease processes (e.g. - neurologic, other neurodegenerative disorders, systemic, infectious, or psychiatric disorders). When there is interference with independence in everyday activities, a major neurocognitive disorder needs to be considered instead.
Evidence of modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in 1
or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual motor, or social cognition) based on:
The cognitive deficits do not interfere with capacity for independence in everyday activities (i.e. - complex instrumental activities of daily living such as paying bills or managing medications are preserved, but greater effort, compensatory strategies, or accommodation may be required).
The cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.
The cognitive deficits are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, schizophrenia).
Specify:
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria notably do not provide additional sub-typing of MCI beyond the specifier criteria or how cognitive domains are specifically involved. Outside of the DSM-5, a total of 4
MCI subtypes have been proposed, depending on whether the presentation is amnestic/non-amnestic, and single/multiple domain:[3]