Differences

Last edited on February 1, 2024

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- teaching:genetics-psychiatry [on April 30, 2020]
+++ teaching:genetics-psychiatry [on February 1, 2024]
psychdb [Schizophrenia]
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{INLINETOC}}
 ===== Primer =====
-Mental disorders are highly heritable. Understanding the genetics behind this can lead to better patient care.
+**Psychiatric Genetics** is the study of the role of genetics in the development of mental disorders. Although many mental disorders are highly heritable, gene and environmental interactions play an important role.[([[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31410638/#|Musci, R. J., Augustinavicius, J. L., & Volk, H. (2019). Gene-environment interactions in psychiatry: recent evidence and clinical implications. Current psychiatry reports, 21, 1-10.]])]
-===== Serotonin Transporter Gene and Depression (5-HTTLPR) =====
+===== Mitochondrial Diseases =====
-  * [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30845820|Border, R., Johnson, E. C., Evans, L. M., Smolen, A., Berley, N., Sullivan, P. F., & Keller, M. C. (2019). No Support for Historical Candidate Gene or Candidate Gene-by-Interaction Hypotheses for Major Depression Across Multiple Large Samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, appi-ajp.]]
+<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-book fa-lg fa-fw">
-  * [[https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/05/07/5-httlpr-a-pointed-review/|5-HTTLPR: A Pointed Review]]
+See also: **[[https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110705|Farkas, G. I. (2016). Psychiatric Implications of Mitochondrial Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal, 11(07), 8-10.]]**
-  * [[https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/05/waste-1000-studies/589684/|The Atlantic: A Waste of 1,000 Research Papers]]
+</alert>
-===== Mitochondrial Diseases =====
-  * [[https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110705|Farkas, G. I. (2016). Psychiatric Implications of Mitochondrial Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal, 11(07), 8-10.]]
   * Psychotropics, including typical and atypical antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and antiepileptics, interfere with important mitochondrial functions and may worsen symptoms.
-===== DiGeorge (22q11.2) Deletion Syndrome =====
+===== Schizophrenia and Psychosis =====
-<callout type="success">{{fa>arrow-circle-right?color=green}} See main article: **[[child:genetic-disorders:digeorge-syndrome-22q11.2-22q-deletion|]]**</callout>
+==== Schizophrenia ====
+<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-book fa-lg fa-fw">
+See also:
+  * **[[https://www.psychiatrymargins.com/p/schizophrenia-and-genetics-end-of|Psychiatry at the Margins: Schizophrenia and Genetics: End of the Road?]]**
+  * **[[https://www.psychiatrymargins.com/p/contextualizing-the-heritability|Contextualizing the Heritability of Schizophrenia]]**
+  * **[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38219345/|Torrey, E. F. (2023). Did the human genome project affect research on Schizophrenia?. Psychiatry Research, 115691.]]**
+</alert>
+==== DiGeorge (22q11.2) Deletion Syndrome ====
+<alert icon="fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="success">See main article: **[[child:genetic-disorders:digeorge-syndrome-22q11.2-22q-deletion|]]**</alert>
 ===== Risk Genes =====
   * [[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673612621291|Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis. Lancet. 2013;381(9875):1371-1379.]]
+  * [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982060/|Duncan, L. E., Ostacher, M., & Ballon, J. (2019). How genome-wide association studies (GWAS) made traditional candidate gene studies obsolete. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(9), 1518-1523.]]
+===== Serotonin Transporter Gene and Depression (5-HTTLPR) =====
+<alert type="info" icon="fa fa-book fa-lg fa-fw">
+See also:
+  * SlateStarCodex for an entertaining review: **[[https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/05/07/5-httlpr-a-pointed-review/|SlateStarCodex: 5-HTTLPR: A Pointed Review]]**
+  * [[https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/05/waste-1000-studies/589684/|The Atlantic: A Waste of 1,000 Research Papers]]
+  * [[https://eiko-fried.com/the-replication-crisis-hits-psychiatry-no-candidate-genes-for-depression/|The replication crisis hits psychiatry: No candidate genes for depression]]
+</alert>
+  * In the last 25 years, hundreds of studies have been published suggesting that a small set of genes or gene-variants increases an individual's risk for depression. These papers fuelled hopes that genetic testing might identify susceptibility to depression, and pharmaceutical companies could develop medications to target these specific groups.
+  * In 2019, a landmark study by Border et al. found that the 18 most highly-studied candidate genes for depression were actually no more associated with depression than genes chosen at random.[([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30845820|Border, R., Johnson, E. C., Evans, L. M., Smolen, A., Berley, N., Sullivan, P. F., & Keller, M. C. (2019). No Support for Historical Candidate Gene or Candidate Gene-by-Interaction Hypotheses for Major Depression Across Multiple Large Samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, appi-ajp.]])]
+  * The Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR) was among the most famous of the genes, and was popularly reported on in major studies and in the media in the last 25 years.
+  * It is important to understand that this does not mean that depression is not heritable (it is!).
+    * But it does mean that depression is influenced by so many different gene variants that individually, each one has a tiny minuscule effect, underscoring the complex biopsychosocial phenomena of depression.[([[https://www.colorado.edu/today/2019/04/02/do-depression-genes-exist-its-not-so-simple-new-study-concludes|University of Colorado Boulder: Do ‘depression genes’ exist? It’s not so simple, new study concludes]])]
 ===== Pharmacogenetic Testing =====
+<alert icon="fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa-lg fa-fw" type="success">
-<callout type="success">{{fa>arrow-circle-right?color=green}} See main article: **[[meds:pharmacogenetics|]]**</callout>
+See main article: **[[meds:pharmacogenetics|]]**
+</alert>
 ===== Resources =====
+  * [[https://www.psychiatrymargins.com/p/a-note-from-hyman-on-the-genetic|Psychiatry at the Margins: A Note From Hyman on the Genetic Complexity of Psychiatric Disorders]]
 {{tag>genetics}}