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Table of Contents
  • Hepatic Encephalopathy
    • Primer
      • Symptoms
      • Investigations
      • Differential Diagnosis
    • Resources
      • Literature
  • Last edited on July 23, 2020

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Primer

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or Portosystemic Encephalopathy (PSE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can develop in patients with liver disease.

Symptoms

Cognitive impairment, altered level of consciousness, ataxia.

Investigations

  • Ammonia levels
  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • EEGs (to look for findings of encephalopathy)

Differential Diagnosis

  • Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE)

Resources

Literature

  • Ferenci, P. (2017). Hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology report, 5(2), 138-147.
  • Wiltfang, J., Nolte, W., Weissenborn, K., Kornhuber, J., & Rüther, E. (1998). Psychiatric aspects of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 13(4), 379-389.
  • Weissenborn K. (2014). Portosystemic encephalopathy. Handbook of clinical neurology, 120, 661–674.
  • Tomiyama, A., Oguro, S., Kato, M., Watanabe, H., Yamazaki, H., Suzuki, T., & Tominaga, S. (2016). Successful embolisation of intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt using AMPLATZER Vascular Plug II. BJR| case reports, 20160061.
  • Lee, Y. J., Shin, B. S., Lee, I. H., Ohm, J. Y., Lee, B. S., Ahn, M., & Kim, H. J. (2012). Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: successful embolization using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II. Korean journal of radiology, 13(6), 827-831.
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